Migration and Types of Migration

 Migration

Types of Migration

The phenomenon of migration became faster with rapid increase in economic growth in which a person has started moving away from his native place and settling in distant places in search of employment, to give stability to his family and to attain a higher standard of living.

Meaning of migration:

Migration means to move from one place to another. It means to leave one place and settle at another place. This is the ordinary meaning of the word but the scientific definition of the word can be given in the following manner.

Definition : Migration refers to movement of a person from one place to another place, away from native place either within or outside the country for job, occupation, business or in search of better standard of living, on a permanent basis.

On the basis of the above definition it can be said that

• it is a long term movement within or outside the country.
• it is done for job, occupation, business or for the betterment of living standard.

Types of Migrations :

To understand the meaning of migration in detail, let us study the types of it.

It based on place is divided into two : (1) Internal migrations (2) International migrtion

 

1) Place-based Classification

Any migration which is based on geographical boundaries of a country is divided into two types.

(1) Internal migration (2) International migrations

 

Internal Migration :

The movement of a person from one place to another within the geographical boundary of a country is known as internal migration. When a person from Gujarat settles in another state or a city or when a person from any other state or city settles in Gujarat then it is known as internal migrations.

International Migrations :

Movement of a person from one country to another country is known as international migrations. e.g. From Gujarat or from any other part of India, if a person moves to some other country in search of job, occupation, business or for better standard of living for permanent settlement or when people from other countries come to India for settlement on a permanent basis it is known as international migrations.

Reason-based Classification

There are two types of reasons for it :

(1) Migrations due to Pull factors (2) Migrtions due to Push factors

 

Migrations due to pull factors :

When a person gets attracted to the life style and modern infrastructural facilities of urban areas and migrates there, it is known as migrations due to pull factors. e.g. the migration from village to a city can be considered as migration due to pull factors because compared to villages, better life style, transportation, communication system, education, health services etc. are available in cities along with wide ranging job opportunities and business prospects.

In the same way, for the same type of attraction in other countries, when people  migrate to other countries to settle there permanently, it is also known as migrations due to pull factors.

Migrations due to Push Factors :

When people living in villages are forced to leave their villages due to lack of business or occupational opportunities or when there are limited educational facilities and when they are forcibly pushed to cities, it is known as forcible migrations or migrations due to push factors.